Lithium mabhatiri ane zvakanakira kutakurika uye nekukurumidza kuchaja, saka nei mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi uye mamwe mabhatiri echipiri achiri kutenderera pamusika?
Pamusoro pematambudziko emutengo uye akasiyana masimidhi ekushandisa, chimwe chikonzero kuchengetedza.
Lithium ndiyo simbi inonyanya kushanda munyika.Nemhaka yekuti maitiro ayo emakemikari anonyanya kushanda, kana lithiamu simbi inoratidzirwa kumhepo, inenge iine hutsinye hwekuita oxidation neokisijeni, saka inowanzoita kuputika, kupisa uye zvimwe zviitiko.Uye zvakare, redox reaction ichaitika zvakare mukati me lithium bhatiri panguva yekuchaja uye kuburitsa.Kuputika uye kupisa kwepamuviri kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuunganidza, kupararira uye kusunungurwa kwe lithium battery mushure mekupisa.Muchidimbu, mabhatiri e-lithium achaunza kupisa kwakawanda panguva yekuchaja uye kuburitsa, izvo zvinozoita kuti kukwira kwekushisa kwemukati kwebhatiri uye kutonhora kusingaenzaniswi pakati pemabhatiri ega, nokudaro zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwebhatiri.
Maitiro asina kuchengetedzeka eanopisa anotiza lithium-ion bhatiri (kusanganisira kuwandisa kwebhatiri uye kudhiza, kukurumidza kuchaja uye kuburitsa, kupfupika kwedunhu, mamiriro ekushandiswa kwemagetsi, kupisa kwekushisa kwekushisa, nezvimwewo) zvinogona kukonzeresa maitiro ane ngozi mukati mebhatiri uye kuunza kupisa, kukuvadza zvakananga iyo passive film pane yakaipa electrode uye yakanaka electrode pamusoro.
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekukonzeresa tsaona dzinotiza dzemabhatiri e lithium ion.Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekukonzeresa, inogona kukamurwa kuita mechanical abuse triggering, magetsi anoshandiswa kukonzeresa uye thermal abuse triggering.Mechanical abuse: zvinoreva acupuncture, extrusion uye inorema chinhu kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekurovera kwemotokari;Kushungurudzwa kwemagetsi: kazhinji kunokonzerwa nekutadza kutonga kwemagetsi kana kutadza kwechikamu chemagetsi, kusanganisira pfupi pfupi, kuwandisa uye kuwandisa;Kupisa kupisa: kunokonzerwa nekupisa kunokonzerwa nekutadza kutonga kwekushisa.
Iyi nzira nhatu dzekukurudzira dzinodyidzana.Mechanical abuse inowanzoitika inokonzeresa deformation kana kuputika kwebhatiri diaphragm, zvichikonzera kusangana kwakananga pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka matanda ebhatiri uye pfupi pfupi, zvichikonzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi;Nekudaro, pasi pemamiriro ekushandiswa kwemagetsi, chizvarwa chekupisa senge Joule kupisa kunowedzera, zvichiita kuti kutonhora kwebhatiri kukwire, izvo zvinokura mukupisa kupisa, zvichiwedzera kukonzeresa ketani yerudzi rwekupisa chizvarwa chekuita mukati mebhatiri, uye pakupedzisira inotungamira kune chiitiko. yebhatiri kupisa kunotiza.
Battery thermal runaway inokonzerwa nekuti huwandu hwekupisa kwebhatiri hwakanyanya kudarika kupisa kwekupisa, uye kupisa kunounganidzirwa muhuwandu asi kwete kupera munguva.Muchidimbu, "thermal runaway" isimba rakanaka remhinduro yekutenderera maitiro: kukwira kwekushisa kuchaita kuti hurongwa huve hunopisa, uye kutonhora kuchakwira mushure mokunge hurongwa huchipisa, izvo zvichaita kuti hurongwa huve hunopisa.
Maitiro ekupisa kwekupisa: kana bhatiri yemukati tembiricha ichikwira, iyo SEI firimu iri pamusoro peSEI firimu inoora pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya, iyo lithium ion yakaiswa mugraphite ichaita ne electrolyte uye binder, ichiwedzera kusundira bhatiri tembiricha kumusoro. kusvika ku150 ℃, uye itsva yechisimba exothermic reaction ichaitika pakupisa uku.Kana tembiricha yebhatiri ichisvika pamusoro pe200 ℃, iyo cathode zvinhu inoora, ichiburitsa huwandu hukuru hwekupisa uye gasi, uye bhatiri rinotanga kubhuroka uye richiramba richipisa.Iyo lithium yakamisikidzwa anode yakatanga kuita ne electrolyte pa250-350 ℃.Iyo inochaja cathode zvinhu zvinotanga kuita zvechisimba decomposition reaction, uye iyo electrolyte inosangana nechisimba oxidation reaction, ichiburitsa huwandu hukuru hwekupisa, inogadzira tembiricha yakanyanya uye yakawanda gasi, zvichikonzera kupisa uye kuputika kwebhatiri.
Dambudziko re lithium dendrite precipitation panguva yekuwedzera: Mushure mokunge lithium cobalate bhatiri yakazara zvakakwana, yakawanda ye lithium ions inoramba iri mu electrode yakanaka.Izvi zvinoreva kuti, iyo cathode haigoni kubata mamwe ma lithium ions akasungirirwa kune cathode, asi mune yakawandisa, iyo yakawandisa lithium ions pane cathode icharamba ichishambira kune cathode.Nekuti haigone kuve yakazara, simbi lithium ichaumba pane cathode.Sezvo iyi simbi lithium iri dendritic crystal, inonzi dendrite.Kana iyo dendrite yakarebesa, zviri nyore kuboora diaphragm, zvichikonzera mukati pfupi pfupi.Sezvo chikamu chikuru che electrolyte chiri carbonate, nzvimbo yekubatidza uye nzvimbo yekubikira zvakaderera, saka inopisa kana kuputika pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Kana iri polymer lithium bhatiri, iyo electrolyte inonzi colloidal, iyo inowanzoitika kune zvakanyanya kupisa.Kuti agadzirise dambudziko iri, masayendisiti anoedza kutsiva zvakachengeteka cathode zvinhu.Izvo zvinhu zve lithium manganenate bhatiri zvine zvimwe zvakanakira.Inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti lithium ion yeyakanaka electrode inogona kunyudzwa zvachose mugomba rekabhoni reiyo negative electrode pasi pechaji yakazara, pachinzvimbo chekuva nezvimwe zvakasara muiyo yakanaka electrode se lithium cobalate, iyo kusvika pamwero wakati inodzivirira chizvarwa che. dendrites.Iyo yakagadzikana chimiro chelithium manganete inoita kuti oxidation iite yakaderera pane iyo ye lithium cobalate.Kunyangwe kana paine yekunze pfupi dunhu (panzvimbo yemukati pfupi dunhu), inogona kudzivirira kupisa uye kuputika kunokonzerwa ne lithium metal precipitation.Lithium iron phosphate ine yakanyanya kugadzikana yekupisa uye yakaderera oxidation kugona kwe electrolyte, saka ine yakanyanya kuchengetedzeka.
Kuchembera kuchembera kwe lithium ion bhatiri kunoratidzwa nekudzikisira kwesimba uye kuwedzera kwekudzivirira kwemukati, uye mukati mayo ekuchembera attenuation maitiro anosanganisira kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvinoshanda uye kurasikirwa kweiyo inowanikwa lithium ions.Kana iyo cathode zvinhu yakwegura uye yakaora, uye simba re cathode harina kukwana, njodzi yekushanduka kwe lithiamu kubva kune cathode inowanzoitika.Pasi pemamiriro ekudarika, kukwanisa kwe cathode kune lithiamu inokwira kusvika pamusoro pe 3V, iyo yakakwirira kudarika kukwanisa kuparara kwemhangura, zvichiita kuti kuparara kwemuunganidzi wemhangura.Ioni dzemhangura dzakanyungudutswa dzinonaya pamusoro pekathode uye inogadzira copper dendrites.Copper dendrites ichapfuura nepakati pe diaphragm, zvichikonzera mukati mapfupi dunhu, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri.
Mukuwedzera, kupikisa kwepamusoro kwemabhatiri ekuchembera kunoderera kune imwe nhanho, kunyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekudzivirira kwemukati uye kuderera kwezvinhu zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvinoshanda, zvichiita kuti kuwedzera kwejoule kupisa panguva yekuwedzerwa kwebhatiri.Pakuchajiswa kushoma, magadzirirwo emativi anogona kutanga, zvichikonzera kutiza kwemabhatiri.Panyaya yekugadzikana kwekupisa, lithium shanduko kubva kune cathode inotungamira kuderera kwakanyanya mukudzikama kwekupisa kwebhatiri.
Mukutaura, kushanda kwekuchengetedza kwebheteri yakwegura kuchaderedzwa zvikuru, izvo zvichaisa pangozi kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri.Mhinduro yakajairika ndeyekushongedza bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza system nebhatiri manejimendi system (BMS).Semuyenzaniso, mabhatiri e8000 18650 anoshandiswa muTesla Model S anogona kuona-chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa kweakasiyana emuviri maparamendi ebhatiri, kuongorora mamiriro ekushandiswa kwebhatiri, uye kuitisa kuongororwa kwepamhepo uye yambiro yekukurumidza kuburikidza neiyo bhatiri manejimendi system.Panguva imwecheteyo, inogona zvakare kuita discharge uye pre charge control, bhatiri bhari manejimendi uye yekupisa manejimendi.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-02-2022